diff --git a/sdk/android/native_unittests/audio_device/audio_device_unittest.cc b/sdk/android/native_unittests/audio_device/audio_device_unittest.cc
index 4181094e68..5e46052b90 100644
--- a/sdk/android/native_unittests/audio_device/audio_device_unittest.cc
+++ b/sdk/android/native_unittests/audio_device/audio_device_unittest.cc
@@ -1135,6 +1135,36 @@ TEST_F(AudioDeviceTest, DISABLED_MeasureLoopbackLatency) {
   latency_audio_stream->PrintResults();
 }
 
+TEST(JavaAudioDeviceTest, TestRunningTwoAdmsSimultaneously) {
+  JNIEnv* jni = AttachCurrentThreadIfNeeded();
+  ScopedJavaLocalRef<jobject> context =
+      Java_ApplicationContextProvider_getApplicationContextForTest(jni);
+
+  // Create and start the first ADM.
+  rtc::scoped_refptr<AudioDeviceModule> adm_1 =
+      CreateJavaAudioDeviceModule(jni, context.obj());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, adm_1->Init());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, adm_1->InitRecording());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, adm_1->StartRecording());
+
+  // Create and start a second ADM. Expect this to fail due to the microphone
+  // already being in use.
+  rtc::scoped_refptr<AudioDeviceModule> adm_2 =
+      CreateJavaAudioDeviceModule(jni, context.obj());
+  int32_t err = adm_2->Init();
+  err |= adm_2->InitRecording();
+  err |= adm_2->StartRecording();
+  EXPECT_NE(0, err);
+
+  // Stop and terminate second adm.
+  adm_2->StopRecording();
+  adm_2->Terminate();
+
+  // Stop first ADM.
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, adm_1->StopRecording());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, adm_1->Terminate());
+}
+
 }  // namespace jni
 
 }  // namespace webrtc
diff --git a/sdk/android/src/jni/audio_device/audio_device_module.cc b/sdk/android/src/jni/audio_device/audio_device_module.cc
index 6127ebe316..c44ac91751 100644
--- a/sdk/android/src/jni/audio_device/audio_device_module.cc
+++ b/sdk/android/src/jni/audio_device/audio_device_module.cc
@@ -241,11 +241,15 @@ class AndroidAudioDeviceModule : public AudioDeviceModule {
     if (Playing()) {
       return 0;
     }
-    audio_device_buffer_->StartPlayout();
     int32_t result = output_->StartPlayout();
     RTC_LOG(INFO) << "output: " << result;
     RTC_HISTOGRAM_BOOLEAN("WebRTC.Audio.StartPlayoutSuccess",
                           static_cast<int>(result == 0));
+    if (result == 0) {
+      // Only start playing the audio device buffer if starting the audio
+      // output succeeded.
+      audio_device_buffer_->StartPlayout();
+    }
     return result;
   }
 
@@ -276,11 +280,15 @@ class AndroidAudioDeviceModule : public AudioDeviceModule {
     if (Recording()) {
       return 0;
     }
-    audio_device_buffer_->StartRecording();
     int32_t result = input_->StartRecording();
     RTC_LOG(INFO) << "output: " << result;
     RTC_HISTOGRAM_BOOLEAN("WebRTC.Audio.StartRecordingSuccess",
                           static_cast<int>(result == 0));
+    if (result == 0) {
+      // Only start recording the audio device buffer if starting the audio
+      // input succeeded.
+      audio_device_buffer_->StartRecording();
+    }
     return result;
   }
 
diff --git a/sdk/android/src/jni/audio_device/audio_record_jni.cc b/sdk/android/src/jni/audio_device/audio_record_jni.cc
index 50da3f7688..390cec0e9e 100644
--- a/sdk/android/src/jni/audio_device/audio_record_jni.cc
+++ b/sdk/android/src/jni/audio_device/audio_record_jni.cc
@@ -102,7 +102,10 @@ int32_t AudioRecordJni::Terminate() {
 int32_t AudioRecordJni::InitRecording() {
   RTC_LOG(INFO) << "InitRecording";
   RTC_DCHECK(thread_checker_.CalledOnValidThread());
-  RTC_DCHECK(!initialized_);
+  if (initialized_) {
+    // Already initialized.
+    return 0;
+  }
   RTC_DCHECK(!recording_);
   ScopedHistogramTimer timer("WebRTC.Audio.InitRecordingDurationMs");
 
@@ -131,7 +134,10 @@ bool AudioRecordJni::RecordingIsInitialized() const {
 int32_t AudioRecordJni::StartRecording() {
   RTC_LOG(INFO) << "StartRecording";
   RTC_DCHECK(thread_checker_.CalledOnValidThread());
-  RTC_DCHECK(!recording_);
+  if (recording_) {
+    // Already recording.
+    return 0;
+  }
   if (!initialized_) {
     RTC_DLOG(LS_WARNING)
         << "Recording can not start since InitRecording must succeed first";
diff --git a/sdk/android/src/jni/audio_device/audio_track_jni.cc b/sdk/android/src/jni/audio_device/audio_track_jni.cc
index da3cedd4a6..f48673f048 100644
--- a/sdk/android/src/jni/audio_device/audio_track_jni.cc
+++ b/sdk/android/src/jni/audio_device/audio_track_jni.cc
@@ -76,7 +76,10 @@ int32_t AudioTrackJni::Terminate() {
 int32_t AudioTrackJni::InitPlayout() {
   RTC_LOG(INFO) << "InitPlayout";
   RTC_DCHECK(thread_checker_.CalledOnValidThread());
-  RTC_DCHECK(!initialized_);
+  if (initialized_) {
+    // Already initialized.
+    return 0;
+  }
   RTC_DCHECK(!playing_);
   if (!Java_WebRtcAudioTrack_initPlayout(
           env_, j_audio_track_, audio_parameters_.sample_rate(),
@@ -95,7 +98,10 @@ bool AudioTrackJni::PlayoutIsInitialized() const {
 int32_t AudioTrackJni::StartPlayout() {
   RTC_LOG(INFO) << "StartPlayout";
   RTC_DCHECK(thread_checker_.CalledOnValidThread());
-  RTC_DCHECK(!playing_);
+  if (playing_) {
+    // Already playing.
+    return 0;
+  }
   if (!initialized_) {
     RTC_DLOG(LS_WARNING)
         << "Playout can not start since InitPlayout must succeed first";